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{$B-,D-,F-,I+,N-,R-,S+,V+}
(*
Timo Salmi UNiT B
A Turbo Pascal unit for (a) bit (of) manipulation
All rights reserved 22-Jul-89,
Updated 26-Jul-89, 19-Aug-89, 18-Oct-89, 17-Jul-90, 4-Jan-91, 27-Oct-91
23-Aug-92, 27-Sep-92
Here are some power functions, bit manipulation and base conversions.
There is nothing really novel about them, just that I have needed them
myself, and thought to make some available to [a/be]muse the general public.
Some of the functions are, however, hopefully both smaller faster than the
corresponding routines in average Turbo Pascal guides, or have features
that are normally lacking.
This unit may be used and distributed freely for PRIVATE, NON-COMMERCIAL,
NON-INSTITUTIONAL purposes, provided it is not changed in any way, and
that a proper attribution is made. For ANY other usage, such as use in a
business enterprise or at a university, contact the author for the terms
of registration.
The units are under development. Comments and contacts are solicited. If
you have any questions, please do not hesitate to use electronic mail for
communication.
InterNet address: ts@uwasa.fi
The author shall not be liable to the user for any direct, indirect or
consequential loss arising from the use of, or inability to use, any unit,
program or file howsoever caused. No warranty is given that the units and
programs will work under all circumstances.
Timo Salmi
Professor of Accounting and Business Finance
Faculty of Accounting & Industrial Management; University of Vaasa
P.O. BOX 297, FIN-65101 Vaasa, Finland
The following changes were made 4-Jan-91:
POWERGFN function has been rewritten
DECBINFN function has been omitted
DECHEXFN function has been omitted
The following routines were added 27-Oct-91:
BTEWRDFN
WRDLNGFN
HIWORDFN
LOWORDFN
The following routine was added 22-Aug-92:
HEXLNGFN
The following routines were added 27-Sep-92:
BHEXFN
BBINFN
*)
unit TSUNTB;
(* ======================================================================= *)
interface
(* ======================================================================= *)
uses Dos;
(* =======================================================================
Timer routines
======================================================================= *)
(*
If one wants to test and compare speeds of various procedures and functions
one needs a procedure to give the elapsed time. TIMERFN does that. It is
very simple. It just gives the seconds elapsed since midnight to the apparent
precision of a hundredth of a second.
*)
(* Time (seconds) elapsed since midnight *)
function TIMERFN : real;
(* The timer is actually updated 18.2 times per seconds by the 8284
oscillator at 1193180 Hetz frequency. These updates are called ticks.
Ticks are calculated from midnight, and can be used as an alternative
timing. *)
function TICKSFN : longint;
(*
Pascal lacks a power function and therefore one has to build it oneself.
The simplest way to calculate a power function is Exp(exponent*Ln(number)),
which many guides suggest. It is unsatisfactory, however, from the point
of view that powers of zero or negative numbers cause an error. The
POWERGFN does not have this hitch, but is, of course, slightly slower.
Invalid operations such as -0.55 to -3.5 are detected and running halted.
In special cases a power function can be made very fast. TWOTOFN is such a
function raising two to a power.
*)
(* =======================================================================
Mathematical routines for raising to powers
======================================================================= *)
(* Raise a positive number to a power the traditional way *)
function POWERFN (number, exponent : real) : real;
(* Raise any number to a power, the generalized power function.
Invalid expressions and overflows are trapped properly *)
function POWERGFN (number, exponent : real) : real;
(* Raise a longint to a power, fast; Do not use negative exponents *)
function POWERLFN (number, exponent : longint) : longint;
(* Raise two to a power, that is 2^exponent, very fast *)
function TWOTOFN (exponent : word) : word;
(* Raise sixteen to a power, that is 16^exponent, very fast *)
function R16TOFN (exponent : word) : word;
(* =======================================================================
Mathematical number base conversion routines
======================================================================= *)
(*
Base conversion is a quite commonly occurring task in programming. It
involves a similar problem to the one explained in discussing the
routines for raising a number to a power: The routines can be made
general, or they can be made fast. Here are some of the routines.
*)
(* Convert a number from any base to any base (2-36),
The result may not execeed the range of a longint *)
function CONVBFN (number : string; frombase, tobase : byte) : string;
(* ---- decimal to hexadecimal ---- *)
(* Convert a decimal byte to a hexadecimal string *)
function BHEXFN (decimal : byte) : string;
(* Convert a decimal word to a hexadecimal string *)
function HEXFN (decimal : word) : string;
(* Convert a decimal longint to a hexadecimal string *)
function LHEXFN (decimal : longint) : string;
(* ---- decimal to binary ---- *)
(* Convert a decimal word to a binary string *)
function BINFN (decimal : word) : string;
(* Convert a decimal longint to a binary string *)
function LBINFN (decimal : longint) : string;
(* Convert a decimal byte to a binary string *)
function BBINFN (decimal : byte) : string;
(* ---- hexadecimal to decimal ---- *)
(* Convert a hexadecimal string fast to a decimal word *)
function HEXDECFN (hexadecimal : string) : word;
(* Convert a hexadecimal string to a longint, largest 7FFFFFFF *)
function HEXLNGFN (hexadecimal : string) : longint;
(* ---- binary to decimal ---- *)
(* Convert a binary string fast to a decimal word *)
function BINDECFN (binary : string) : word;
(* =======================================================================
Bit, byte, word, and longint datatype manipulation routines
======================================================================= *)
(*
The next function is specialized, but occasionally very useful. As is
known a word is made up of 16 bits numbered from 0 to 15. The following
function establishes whether a particular bit is on or off in a word
*)
(* Is an individual bit on in a word, bits are numbered from 0-15 as usual *)
function BITONFN (status : word; bit : byte) : boolean;
(* Combines two bytes into a single word.
This is the inverse of the inbuilt Hi and Lo byte functions *)
function BTEWRDFN (high, low : byte) : word;
(* Combines two words into a longint *)
function WRDLNGFN (high, low : word) : longint;
(* Returns the high-order word of the longint argument
Similar to Hi, but returns a word instead of a byte *)
function HIWORDFN (x : longint) : word;
(* Returns the low-order word of the longint argument
Similar to Lo, but returns a word instead of a byte *)
function LOWORDFN (x : longint) : word;